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Whether you're an optical designer, optician, shop manager, or optics procurer, a working knowledge of optical fabrication can be invaluable. Have the information at your fingertips with this new Field Guide.


In Field Guide to Optical Fabrication, Ray Williamson distills the extensive knowledge gained from his long career-ranging from his work at the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona to positions at Spectra-Physics, Coherent, and Los Alamos National Lab-into a ready reference for anyone needing to understand optical fabrication.


This Field Guide is a concise reference explaining:


What every designer should know about fabrication before making final design choices


How to specify components before they are ordered


The details of conventional, alternative, and emerging fabrication methods


How an optical manufacturer plans the work, evaluates product, and the calculations involved



Sample Pages(PDF)


Errata (PDF)


Table of Contents


Glossary of Symbols and Acronyms


Introduction for Designers
　　From Functional Desires to Component Tolerances
　　Clear Aperture
　　Thickness versus Stability and Ease of Fabrication
　　Flatness versus Transmitted Wavefront
　　Scale Factors for Surface and Wavefront
　　Wedge in Nearly Concentric Optics
　　Surface Quality versus Performance
　　"Difficult" and Preferred Materials
　　Pressure-Bearing Window Thickness
　　Specifications Checklist
　　Realistic Tolerances
　　Designing Aspheres for Manufacturability
　　What Kind of Shop Is It?




Conventional Fabrication Methods
　　Stages of Conventional Fabrication
　　Shop Safety
　　Blocking Layout
　　Blocking Methods
　　Pitch Pickup Blocking
　　Spot Blocks
　　Wedge Tools
　　Sawing
　　Milling
　　Curve Generating
　　Free-Abrasive Grinding
　　Abrasive Types and Grades
　　Fixed-Abrasive Lapping
　　Beveling
　　Dicing
　　Coring and Drilling
　　Edging
　　Centerless Edging
　　Centering
　　Fractures, Chips, and Stoning
　　Marking: Spot Bevels, Dots, Arrows, etc.
　　Polishing
　　Polishing Compounds
　　Pitch Laps: Channels and Figure Control
　　Polishing Pads
　　Crystal Shaping and Orientation
　　Crystal Lapping
　　Overarm Spindle Machine
　　Stick Lens Fabrication
　　Planetary Lapping
　　Double-Side Lapping
　　Cylindrical and Toric Lapping
　　Intrashop Transporting and Storage
　　In-Process Cleaning
　　Cleaning for Thin-Film Coating
　　Thin-Film Coating
　　Assembly
　　Packaging for Shipping




Alternative Fabrication Methods
　　CNC with Spindle-Mounted Tools
　　CNC Synchrospeed Polisher
　　CNC Belt Style Machine
　　CNC Bonnet Polisher
　　Magnetorheological Fluid Finishing
　　Fluid Jet Polishing (FJP)
　　Single-Point Diamond Turning (SPDT)
　　Replication
　　Plastic Injection Molding
　　Thermoset Casting and Compression Molding
　　Hot Pressing




Process-Planning Factors
　　Raw Material and Forms of Supply
　　Starting Material Dimensions
　　Yield from Dicing and Coring
　　Efficient Production and Optimum Quantities
　　Planning for Yield Losses
　　Block Capacity: Flat
　　Wedge Tool Capacity
　　Block Capacity: Radius
　　Scheduling for Coating
　　Directional Inhomogeneity
　　Stresses Within Optical Components
　　Stresses Applied to Optical Components
　　Thermal Settling Time
　　Thermal Failure
　　In-Process Inspection Points
　　Dice After Coating?
　　Cements and Adhesives




Evaluation
　　Sampling Inspection and Acceptance Quality Level (AQL)
　　Cosmetic Surface Quality
　　Angle Testing With an Autocollimator
　　Sagitta and Spherometers
　　Radius, Irregularity, Power, and Figure
　　Interferometry
　　Interferometric Setups
　　PV, RMS, and PVr
　　Fringe Patterns
　　Fringe Scale Factors
　　Conics and Aspheres
　　Dimensional and Geometric Measurement
　　Slope Evaluation Methods
　　Slope Tolerancing




Materials Properties
　　Material Properties of Interest In the Shop
　　Material Properties Table
　　Optical Properties Table
　　Physical Properties Table
　　Thermal Properties Table


Equation Summary
Bibliography
Index