目次

Modern binoculars and scopes meet a variety of user needs. This Field Guide provides readers with a concise, organized reference that explains the functions and configurations of instruments commonly used by bird watchers, hunters, amateur astronomers, and military and law-enforcement members. This book also addresses the rationale behind instrument design choices, with hardware examples illustrating specific arrangements and features.


Table of Contents


Glossary of Symbols and Notation


Fundamentals
　　What Are Binoculars and Scopes?
　　How Are These Instruments Used?
　　Basic Optical System Parameters
　　Instrument Size and Weight
Pertinent Eye Parameters
　　Structure of the Eye
　　Pupil Size
　　Interpupillary Distance
　　Resolving Power
　　Accommodation
　　Stereoscopic Capability
　　Luminosity and Chromatic Sensitivities
Basic Configurations
　　Galilean Systems
　　Keplerian Systems
Binoculars
　　Binocular Types - General Considerations
　　Compact Binoculars
　　Mid-Size Binoculars
　　Full-Size Binoculars
　　Giant Mounted Binoculars
　　High-Magnification and Wide-Angle Binoculars
　　Military and Law Enforcement Binoculars
　　Astronomical Binoculars
Monoculars and Spotting Scopes
　　Monoculars
　　Spotting Scopes
Riflescopes and Weapon Sights
　　Riflescopes
　　Weapon Sights
Astronomical Scopes
　　Refracting Form
　　Newtonian, Cassegrain, and Gregorian Forms
　　Schmidt-Cassegrain and Schmidt-Gregorian Forms
　　Maksutov-Cassegrain Form
　　Richest-Field Form
Mounts for Astronomical Binoculars and Scopes
　　Light-Duty Mounts
　　Heavy-Duty Mounts
　　Tripod Attributes
　　More about Equatorial Mounts
　　Dobsonian Mounts
　　GOTO Drives
Binocular and Scope Performance
　　Stereoscopic Vision Through a Binocular
　　Resolving Power with Optics
　　Binocular/Scope Efficiency
　　Handheld-Binocular Efficiency
　　Distortion Effects
　　Limiting Magnitude of a Binocular or Scope
　　Diffraction Effects
　　Obscuration Effects
　　Atmospheric Scatter Effects
　　Atmospheric Seeing Effects (Elevated Path)
　　Atmospheric Seeing Effects (Horizontal Path)
Optical System Considerations
　　Focusing for Different Target Locations
　　The Diopter Adjustment
　　Erecting Prisms
　　Prism Refractive-Index Effects
　　Lens Erecting Systems
　　Eyepiece Configurations
　　Selection of Interchangeable Eyepieces
　　The Field Stop
　　Parallax
　　Light Transmission
　　Vignetting
　　Stray Light
　　Light Baffles
　　Reticles
　　Variable-Magnification (Zoom) Systems
　　Image Stabilization Techniques
　　Rangefinding Techniques
Mechanical System Considerations
　　Overall Size of a Binocular
　　Weight of a Binocular
　　Ergonomics
　　Environmental Considerations
　　Housing Design
　　Binocular Hinge Mechanisms
　　Binocular Collimation Mechanisms
　　Object Focus Mechanisms
　　Diopter Adjustment Mechanisms
　　Sealing and Purging
Photography Through Binoculars and Scopes
　　Basic Photography Techniques
　　Interfacing the Camera
　　Integral Cameras
Maintenance of Binoculars and Scopes
　　Protection and Cleaning of the Instrument
　　Testing the Instrument
　　Test Setups and Methods
　　Modular Construction
Desirable Instrument Attributes
　　General Considerations
　　Attributes for Bird Watching Binoculars
　　Attributes for Hunting Binoculars
　　Attributes for Military Binoculars
　　Attributes for Astronomical Binoculars
　　Attributes for Spotting Scopes
　　Attributes for Astronomical Refractor Scopes
　　Attributes for Newtonian Scopes
　　Attributes for Catadioptric Scopes
Equation Summary
Bibliography
Index