目次

This second edition is written to clarify and summarize the theoretical principles of infrared technology. It is intended as a reference for the practicing engineer and/or scientist who requires effective practical information to design, build, and/or test infrared equipment in a wide variety of applications.

This Field Guide combines numerous engineering disciplines necessary for the development of an infrared system. It describes the basic elements involving image formation and image quality, radiometry and flux transfer, and explains the figures of merit involving detector performance. It considers the development of search infrared systems, and specifies the main descriptors used to characterize thermal imaging systems. Furthermore, this guide clarifies, identifies, and evaluates the engineering tradeoffs in the design of an infrared system.

The new edition provides an up-to-date view of the various third-generation infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) technologies and infrared materials currently in use or being actively researched. It also includes an overview of a new target acquisition model known as "Targeting Task Performance (TTP) metric" developed by NVESD. The applicability of this range performance model extends to sampled imagers, digital image enhancement, and other features of modern imaging systems.

Sample Pages(PDF)

Glossary of Symbols
Introduction
　　Electromagnetic Spectrum
　　Infrared Concepts
Optics
　　Imaging Concepts
　　Magnification Factors
　　Thick Lenses
　　Stops and Pupils
　　F-number and Numerical Aperture
　　Field of View
　　Combination of Lenses
　　Afocal Systems and Refractive Telescopes
　　Cold-Stop Efficiency and Field Stop
　　Image Quality
　　Image Anomalies in Infrared Systems
　　Infrared Materials
　　Ceramic and Amorphous Materials
　　GASIR Chalcogenide Glass Materials
　　Material Dispersion
　　Atmospheric Transmittance
Radiometry and Sources
　　Solid Angle
　　Radiometry
　　Radiometric Terms
　　Flux Transfer
　　Flux Transfer for Image-Forming Systems
　　Source Configurations
　　Blackbody Radiators
　　Planck's Radiation Law
　　Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien's Displacement Laws
　　Rayleigh-Jeans and Wien's Radiation Laws
　　Exitance Contrast
　　Emissivity
　　Kirchhoff's Law
　　Emissivity of Various Common Materials
　　Radiometric Measure of Temperature
　　Collimators
Performance Parameters for Optical Detectors
　　Infrared Detectors
　　Primary Sources of Detector Noise
　　Noise Power Spectral Density
　　White Noise
　　Shot Noise
　　Signal-to-Noise Ratio: Detector and BLIP Limits
　　Generation-Recombination Noise
　　1/f Noise and Temperature Noise
　　Detector Responsivity
　　Spectral Responsivity
　　Blackbody Responsivity
　　Noise-Equivalent Power
　　Specific or Normalized Detectivity
　　Photovoltaic Detectors or Photodiodes
　　Sources of Noise in PV Detectors
　　Expressions for D?PV, BLIPD??PV, BLIP and D?PV, JOLI
　　Photoconductive Detectors
　　Sources of Noise in PC Detectors
　　Third-Generation Infrared Imagers
　　Indium Antimonite (InSb) Photodiodes
　　Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) Photodetectors
　　Control of the Alloy Composition
　　HgCdTe Photodiodes and FPAs
　　DLHJ Photodiodes
　　Dual-Band HgCdTe FPAs
　　HDVIP Photodiodes
　　Uncooled HgCdTe Photodiodes
　　Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs)
　　Types of QWIPs
　　Superlattices (SLs)
　　Multispectral QWIPs
　　Light Couplers
　　Pyroelectric Detectors
　　Pyroelectric Detectors?Mathematical Approach
　　Microbolometers
　　Microbolometers?Mathematical Approach
　　Infrared Dynamic Scene Simulators
　　Light Couplers
　　Thermoelectic Detectors
Infrared Systems
　　Raster Scan Format: Single-Detector
　　Multiple-Detector Scan Formats: Serial Scene Dissection
　　Staring Systems
　　Search Systems and Range Equation
　　Noise-Equivalent Irradiance
　　Performance Specification: Thermal-Imaging Systems
　　Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) Definitions
　　Optics MTF: Calculations
　　Electronics MTF: Calculations
　　MTF Measurement Setup and Sampling Effects
　　MTF Measurement Techniques: PSF and LSF
　　MTF Measurement Techniques: ESF and CTF
　　MTF Measurement Techniques: Noiselike Targets
　　MTF Measurement Techniques: Interferometry
　　Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference (NEDT)
　　NETD Measurement Technique
　　Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD)
　　MRTD: Calculation
　　MRTD Measurement Technique
　　MRTD Measurement: Automatic Test
　　Johnson Metric Methodology
　　Johnson Criteria Flaws
　　Targeting Task Performance (TTP) Metric Methodology
　　Human Vision?Distribution of Retinal Photoreceptors
　　Contrast Threshold Function (CTF)
　　Target Acquisition Performance
　　Probability of Task Performance
　　N50 to V50 Conversion (Example)
　　Acquisition Level Definitions
　　TTP Summary
Equation Summary
Bibliography
Index